Outside the United States and the Soviet Union, cold warriors fought their own battles in the shadows cast by their powerful allies. Lavrenti Beria, head of Stalin's secret police, maintained a bloodstained vigil against all forms of Cold War heterodoxy. Soviet diplomats carried out their superiors' orders but contributed as well their own mite to the conflict among them were the longtime foreign minister Vyacheslav Molotov and the ambassador to the United States Andrei Gromyko. The ideologue Andrei Zhdanov was a cold warrior of the first magnitude. In the Soviet Union a commitment to the Cold War was necessary for the leaders who followed Joseph Stalin after 1953, from Nikita Khrushchev to Konstantin Chernenko. Lansdale, William Colby), prominent journalists who interpreted the Cold War to the American people ( Walter Lippmann, James Reston), and theologians, among them Reinhold Niebuhr and Billy Graham, who saw the Cold War as a moral challenge to Americans. There were members of the intelligence community (J. Kennan, Paul Nitze, and Jeane Kirkpatrick, and elected representatives including senators William Knowland, Joseph McCarthy, and Hubert H. government officials were cold warriors: appointees such as George F. Bush, and their secretaries of state, among them John Foster Dulles, Dean Rusk, and Henry Kissinger. They included the presidents of the United States, from Harry S. Still, despite their pragmatism cold warriors contained within their bodies the cells of history and ideology that compelled them to the contest, in the belief that they were defending their nations' values or in the hope of spreading their values to others beyond their borders.Ĭold warriors lived most obviously in the United States and the Soviet Union, but because the Cold War enveloped the world its warriors were everywhere.
Cold warriors were often pragmatic men, able to calculate their nations' interests and if necessary to negotiate with their adversaries in order to protect those interests. They were serious men, disinclined to joke about their work and for the most part innocent even of a sense of irony about it with the exception perhaps of their hubris, they masked their emotions, though they could never fully erase them. Cold warriors were frequently messianic in their convictions, believing they represented the one best political, economic, and social system. The most prominent cold warriors were men of power -commanders of great armies, of the masses, of economic might, of words and ideas. In revolutionary societies and communist countries, high class standing was no asset for a leader, so cold warriors either came from humble stock or claimed that they did.
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In the West, the so-called free world, cold warriors were usually well-born and well educated. They built the Cold War's institutions, forged its diplomacy, oversaw its military flare-ups and its diplomatic stand-downs, and supplied its fierce rhetoric and its silent espionage. Architects of the conflict that gripped the world for nearly fifty years, cold warriors were the men, and few women, who gave shape to the ongoing conflict between the United States and the Soviet Union from 1945 to 1989.
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